Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) for Dogs and Cats

Just as it is in human medicine, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) allows veterinary surgeons to perform procedures through small incisions rather than one large surgical opening. Using specialized cameras and instruments, surgeons can clearly visualize and treat areas inside the body with precision.

In many cases, minimally invasive procedures can reduce pain, shorten recovery times, and decrease surgical trauma for pets.

During MIS procedures, surgeons insert a tiny high-definition camera and specialized instruments through small openings, often measuring less than an inch. The camera projects images onto a monitor, allowing the surgical team to clearly view the treatment area throughout the procedure.

Benefits of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pets

Compared to traditional open surgery, minimally invasive techniques may offer several advantages, including:

• Smaller incisions and less tissue disruption

• Reduced postoperative pain

• Shorter recovery periods

• Less internal and external scarring

• Improved visualization for the surgeon

Not every pet or condition is a candidate for minimally invasive surgery, but for the right cases, these techniques can produce very good results.

Types of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pets

Depending on the area being treated, minimally invasive surgery is generally divided into three categories: arthroscopy, laparoscopy, and thoracoscopy.

Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat joint conditions. A small camera is inserted directly into the joint, allowing surgeons to evaluate cartilage, ligaments, and other structures in detail.

Arthroscopy is commonly used for shoulder and elbow conditions because it allows surgeons to access the joint without the larger incisions required in traditional surgery. This often results in less discomfort and faster recovery for pets.

Conditions commonly evaluated or treated with arthroscopy include:

• Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)

• Biceps tendon disease

• Shoulder instability

• Fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP)

• Ununited anconeal process (UAP)

• Elbow dysplasia and other developmental joint diseases

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure performed within the abdominal cavity. Small ports are placed through the abdominal wall so cameras and surgical instruments can be inserted to visualize and treat internal organs.

One of the most common laparoscopic procedures in dogs is a prophylactic gastropexy, which helps prevent gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat. GDV is a life-threatening condition in which the stomach twists and fills with gas. It most commonly affects large, deep-chested dogs.

Laparoscopy may also be used for:

• Spays

• Biopsies

• Feeding tube placement

• Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy)

• Removal of certain masses

Thoracoscopy

Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure performed within the chest cavity. Similar to laparoscopy, surgeons use small incisions to place cameras and instruments into the chest for diagnosis and treatment.

Thoracoscopy is commonly used for conditions affecting the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart. Pets with pericardial effusion have fluid that builds around the heart, which can interfere with normal heart function.

Traditional treatment often requires opening the chest through the breastbone. With thoracoscopy, surgeons can create a small opening in the pericardium using much smaller incisions.

Thoracoscopy may also be used to diagnose or treat certain thoracic tumors, including:

• Lung tumors

• Mesothelioma

• Thymoma

• Ectopic thyroid tumors

Is My Pet a Candidate for Minimally Invasive Surgery?

Several factors help determine whether minimally invasive surgery is appropriate for your pet, including:

• Your pet’s medical history

• Physical examination findings

• Bloodwork and diagnostic testing

• The type and location of the condition being treated

In some situations, a minimally invasive procedure may need to be converted to an open surgery to safely complete treatment. Your veterinary team will discuss these possibilities with you before surgery.

Preparing Your Pet for Surgery

Your pet will undergo general anesthesia for minimally invasive surgery. In most cases, pets should not eat for at least 12 hours before their procedure. Your veterinary team will also review any medications your pet takes and let you know if adjustments are needed beforehand.

Throughout anesthesia and recovery, your pet will be closely monitored by trained veterinary professionals. After surgery, they will recover in a quiet, comfortable environment while the team continues to monitor pain control and vital signs.

Recovery and Postoperative Care

Recovery recommendations vary based on the procedure performed and your pet’s individual needs, but some level of activity restriction is usually recommended after surgery.

During recovery, you may be instructed to:

• Use a leash for bathroom breaks

• Prevent running, jumping, and rough play

• Limit stair use and slippery surfaces

• Keep your pet confined when unsupervised

Although incision sizes are smaller with minimally invasive surgery, following postoperative instructions closely is still important for proper healing.

Before discharge, your MedVet surgery team will review home care instructions and answer any questions about your pet’s recovery. Knowing what to expect can help you feel confident once you’re home.

Our goal is to help your pet recover as comfortably and safely as possible and return to a good quality of life.

Learn more ways to keep your pets healthy and safe.

MedVet is a nationwide network of emergency and specialty hospitals founded, owned, and led by veterinarians. Our teams provide 24/7 emergency care alongside a wide range of specialty services, with board-certified specialists collaborating across disciplines to deliver advanced, compassionate care for pets and the people who love them.

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